Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919

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Born in Zamość, Russian Poland 1871, died in Berlin 1919; socialist theorist, journalist and agitator; joined the revolutionary socialist group ÌI. Proletarjat' as a schoolgirl in Warsaw in 1887 and had to emigrate in 1889; studied sciences and economics in Zurich; cofounder of the Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego (i Litwy) (SDKP) in 1894, which she represented in the International Socialist Bureau (ISB) 1904-1914; participated in the Russian Revolution 1905/06; active in the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) from 1898 as a fervent critic of revisionism and spokeswoman for the revolutionary left wing; editor of and contributor to party papers and journals including Die Neue Zeit and Przeglad Socjaldemokratyczny, teacher of the SPD's central party school and author of political and theoretical writings such as S̀ozialreform oder Revolution?' 1899 and D̀ie Akkumulation des Kapitals' 1913; during the First World War instrumental in organizing the socialist antiwar opposition with her Junius pamphlet D̀ie Krise der Sozialdemokratie' 1916; leading member from 1916 of the Spartakusgruppe which in 1918 became the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD); murdered by counterrevolutionary troups in January 1919.

From the description of Archives 1898-1918. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 78550868

German-Polish revolutionary leader.

From the description of Rosa Luxemburg and Mathilde Jacob papers, 1887-1941. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754868179

880-10

Dei︠a︡telʹ germanskogo, polʹskogo i mezhdunarodnogorabochego i sot︠s︡ialisticheskogo dvizhenii︠a︡, odin iz liderov levogo kryla germanskoĭ sot︠s︡ial-demokratii i II Internat︠s︡ionala, osnovateleĭ SDKPiL, Soi︠u︡za Spartaka i KPG; teoretik-marksist, publit︠s︡ist.

From the description of Luxemburg Roza (1871-1919). Fond 209, 1887-1930. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122873999

Historical Note

Mathilde Jacob, the admirer, friend, confidant, and secretary of Rosa Luxemburg from December 1913 to January 1915, was born in 1873. Between 1913 and 1942 Mathilde Jacob made her living as a public stenographer, typist, and translator. Her years prior to World War I and through the 1920s were devoted to the successive causes of the Social Democratic Party and Communist Party in Germany. She was introduced to these movements by her brother Joseph Jacob, who also helped her obtain such clients as Franz Mehring, Karl Radek, Paul Levy, and Rosa Luxemburg. Mathilde Jacob first met Rosa Luxemburg in December 1913 during her employment as the typist for the publication Sozialdemokratische Korrespondenz. A friendship developed which led to Mathilde's role as Rosa's primary source of external information and material needs during her years of imprisonment from 1914-1918 for opposition to German participation in World War I. Following Rosa Luxemburg's death in 1919, Mathilde Jacob worked for Paul Levy until his death in 1930. In 1942 she was deported to a concentration camp where it is believed that she perished.

From the guide to the Luxemburg-Jacob Papers, 1887-1941, (Hoover Institution Archives)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. [Collection of European labor proclamations, statutes, constitutions, and comptes-rendues]. Stanford university libraries
creatorOf Grunwald, Maks, 1873-1926. 880-01 Grunwald Maks (1873-1926). Fond 308, 1884-1926. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
referencedIn Paul Levi miscellaneous papers, 1919 Hoover Institution Archives
referencedIn Poné, Gundaris, 1932-1994. Junius-Broschüre / Gundaris Poné ; text von Rosa Luxemburg. California State University, Long Beach
referencedIn East Berlin parade, Karl Marx Strasse, East Berlin Germany National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Sophia Smith Collection. Communism Collection, 1916-1970 (bulk 1935-1960). Smith College, Neilson Library
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. 880-01 Luxemburg Roza (1871-1919). Fond 209. Statʹi dli︠a︡ polʹskoĭ pechati i pisʹma dei︠a︡teli︠a︡m polʹskogo rabochego dvizhenii︠a︡. Opisʹ 2 , 1891-1918. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
referencedIn Reports and Memorandums Primarily Relating to Radical Organizations, 1918 - 1919 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn East German poster collection political series, 1943-2009 George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections & Archives
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. 880-01 Luxemburg Roza (1871-1919). Fond 209. Statʹi dli︠a︡ nemet︠s︡koĭ pechati i pisʹma dei︠a︡teli︠a︡m nemet︠s︡kogo rabochego dvizhenii︠a︡. Opisʹ 1, 1887-1930. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
referencedIn Feininger, Lyonel, 1871-1956. Letters, 1917-1941. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Ettinger, Elżbieta. Papers of Elżbieta Ettinger, 1922-2001 (inclusive), 1967-2000 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa. Archives 1898-1918.
referencedIn Biography Collection MS 393., 1771-1995, 1920-1970 Sophia Smith Collection
referencedIn Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938. 880-01 Kautsky: Karl (1854-1938) i Luiza (1864-1944). Fond 213, 1881-1938. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
referencedIn Communism, Socialism, and Left-Wing Politics Collection MS 452., 1891-1998 Sophia Smith Collection
referencedIn Helmut Hirsch Collection, 1879-2002, bulk 1940-1980 Leo Baeck Institute.
referencedIn Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection, 1920-2001 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. Rosa Luxemburg and Mathilde Jacob papers, 1887-1941. Stanford University, Hoover Institution Library
creatorOf Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. Microform collection, [ca. 1907]-1987. Campbell University, Wiggins Memorial Library
creatorOf Krichevskīĭ, B. N. (Boris Naumovich), 1866-1919. 880-01 Krichevskiĭ Boris Naumovich (1866-1919). Fond 263, 1877-1919. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
creatorOf Westmeyer, Friedrich, 1873-1917. 880-01 Westmeyer Friedrich (1873-1917). Fond 306, 1900-1960. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
creatorOf Luxemburg-Jacob Papers, 1887-1941 Hoover Institution Archives
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. 880-01 Luxemburg Roza (1871-1919). Fond 209, 1887-1930. Rosarchiv, Federal Archive SVS of Russia
referencedIn Sophia Smith Collection. Biography collection, 1771-1995 (bulk 1920s-70s). Smith College, Neilson Library
creatorOf Aleksinskiĭ, Grigoriĭ Alekseevich, 1879-1967. Grigorii Alekseevich Aleksinskii Papers, 1879-1967. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn New York (State). Legislature. Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities. Suspected radical propaganda file, [ca. 1890-1919]. New York State Archives
referencedIn Papers, (inclusive), (bulk), 1893-1983, 1943-1983 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Levi, Paul, 1883-1930. Paul Levi miscellaneous papers, 1919. Stanford University, Hoover Institution Library
creatorOf Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919. Imperialism and the accumulation of capital / by R. Luxemburg and N. Bukharin. University of Manchester Library, Main Library
Relation Name
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associatedWith Brodovskiĭ, S. I. person
associatedWith Bukharin, Nikolaĭ Ivanovich, 1888-1938. person
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associatedWith Dan, F. (Fedor), 1871-1947. person
associatedWith Deĭch, L. G. (Lev Grigorʹevich), 1855-1941. person
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associatedWith Grunwald, Maks, 1873-1926. person
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associatedWith Jacob, Mathilde, 1873-1943. person
correspondedWith Jacqueline Bernard person
associatedWith Jaurés, Jean, 1859-1914 person
associatedWith Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938. person
associatedWith Krichevskīĭ, B. N. (Boris Naumovich), 1866-1919. person
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associatedWith Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedirch, 1871-1919. person
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associatedWith Plekhanov, Georgiĭ Valentinovich, 1856-1918. person
associatedWith Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. corporateBody
associatedWith Poné, Gundaris, 1932-1994. person
associatedWith Potresov, A. N. (Aleksandr Nikolaevich), 1869-1934. person
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alumnusOrAlumnaOf University of Zurich corporateBody
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associatedWith Westmeyer, Friedrich, 1873-1917. person
associatedWith Zetkin, Clara person
associatedWith Zetkin, Klara, 1857-1933. person
associatedWith Zetkin, Konstantin. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Zamość 75 PL
Berlin 16 DE
Subject
Communism
Communism
Labor movement
Revolutionaries
Revolutionaries
Revolutionists
Socialism
Socialism
Socialists
World War, 1914-1918
World War, 1914-1918
Occupation
Economists
Philosophers
Revolutionaries
Activity

Person

Birth 1871-03-07

Death 1919-01-15

Female

Germans

Polish,

German

Information

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Ark ID: w67n0z3g

SNAC ID: 83887978