Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958

Richmond author James Branch Cabell (1879-1958) is best known for his controversial book, Jurgen (1919), a fantasy set in Cabell's mythical medieval world of Poictesme (pronounced Pwa-tem). The New York Society for the Suppression of Vice contended the book was obscene. A trial over its content brought the reclusive writer national fame. Throughout the 1920s, Cabell's literary peers, including H.L. Mencken and Sinclair Lewis, praised his works.

Cabell was born April 14, 1879, at 101 E. Franklin St., the present site of the Richmond Public Library. His father was Robert Gamble Cabell, II (1847-1922), a physician; his mother Anne Harris (1859-1915), daughter of Col. and Mrs. James R. Branch. Cabell's great grandfather was William H. Cabell, governor of Virginia from 1805-1808. Cabell had two brothers, Robert Gamble Cabell, III (1881-1968) and John Lottier Cabell (1883-1946). His parents divorced in 1907.

After attending the College of William and Mary (1893-1898), where he taught courses in French and Greek while an undergraduate, Cabell worked briefly at the Richmond Times as a copyholder. In 1899 he moved to New York City and worked for the New York Herald as a social reporter. He returned to Richmond in 1901 and worked several months on the staff of the Richmond News. During the next ten years, he performed genealogical research and wrote numerous short stories and articles, which he contributed to national magazines such as Harper's Monthly Magazine and the Saturday Evening Post.

In 1911, Cabell worked as a bookkeeper for his uncle James R. Branch's coal mine in West Virginia. Returning to Richmond in 1913, he married Rebecca Priscilla Bradley Shepherd (1874-1949), a widow with five children by her previous marriage. They had one son, Ballard Hartwell Cabell (1915-1980).

Although he had written for newspapers, Cabell's first published nonfiction work was "The Comedies of William Congreve," which appeared in the April 1901 edition of International. He published his first book, The Eagle's Shadow, in the autumn of 1904 after it appeared serially in the Saturday Evening Post during that summer. His work was slow to draw critical attention. However, by 1918 he had published ten major works and began attracting critical admirers. In an article for the New York Evening Mail, H.L. Mencken described Cabell as "the only first-rate literary craftsman that the whole South can show." Cabell's stature and fame as an author increased with the 1919 publication of Jurgen.

On January 14, 1920, the New York State Society for the Prevention of Vice charged Cabell's publishing editor, Guy Holt, with violating the anti-obscenity provisions of the New York State Penal Code by publishing Jurgen. The controversy over the charges and the attempt at censorship brought Cabell much notoriety. Writers defended the artistry of Jurgen and Cabell's right to publish it.

The obscenity trial over Jurgen began October 16, 1922, and ended three days later with an acquittal of all charges. The presiding judge, Charles C. Nott, stated in his decision "...the most that can be said against the book is that certain passages therein may be considered suggestive in a veiled and subtle way of immorality, but such suggestions are delicately conveyed" and that because of Cabell's writing style "...it is doubtful if the book could be read or understood at all by more than a very limited number of readers."

Throughout the 1920s, he continued to publish in the style of Jurgen, a combination of satire, symbolism, and fantasy, set in a mythical medieval French province of Poictesme. The name was a compound of two provinces located in the South of France, Poitiers and Angouleme. Cabell blended an assortment of myths and legends laced with puns, anagrams, and allegories in these books. These works eventually became part of an eighteen-volume collection entitled The Biography of the Life of Manuel; the last volume was published in 1930.

Cabell had become well regarded by prominent writers of the period and maintained an extensive correspondence with a wide circle of literary artists and friends, including Mencken, Joseph Hergesheimer, Burton Rascoe, Theodore Dreiser, Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Carl Van Vechten, and fellow Richmonder and close friend Ellen Glasgow (1873-1945). He had known Glasgow since his days at William and Mary. He served as editor of the Virginia War History Commission (1919-1926) and later joined Dreiser, Eugene O'Neil, and others on the editorial board of the American Spectator (1932-1935). In 1937, Cabell was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

While the controversy over Jurgen ensured Cabell an audience throughout most of the 1920s, interest in his books dropped sharply in the New Deal era of the 1930s and continued to decline. In 1932, in an attempt to break away from his past, he began publishing under the name Branch Cabell. During the next three decades, he wrote and published nearly twenty more books. They were grouped in a series of trilogies. He returned as James Branch Cabell in 1947 with the publication of Let Me Lie. It was the first installment of his fifth and last trilogy, consisting mainly of semi-autobiographical essays filled with remembrances of Virginia.

Cabell continued to live and work in Richmond, residing at 3201 Monument Avenue. By 1935 he and his family began spending most of their winter months in St. Augustine, Florida, due to Cabell's reoccurring bouts of pneumonia. During their stay in Florida in 1949, his wife died of heart failure. In 1950, he married Margaret Waller Freeman (1893-1983), whom he had known for many years. Cabell suffered a cerebral hemorrhage in 1958, and on May 5, he died at his home in Richmond.

Cabell's writings, published in various magazines, newspapers, and anthologies, included numerous short stories, poetry, essays, book reviews, and one play. He authored more than 52 volumes of work, including three devoted to genealogy. Cabell is recognized as one of the first contemporary writers from the South. Like his friend, Ellen Glasgow, Cabell was not afraid to satirize what he saw as the South's contradictions. Others, noting Cabell's unique blending of classic myths and legends with his imagination, consider him a pioneer of fantasy writing.

Soon after the establishment of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 1968, created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), the University began construction for a new library on the Monroe Park Campus. RPI had already planned for a new library and approached Margaret Cabell about naming it for her husband. VCU approved the name, and in 1970, the James Branch Cabell Library opened its doors.

From the guide to the James Branch Cabell Collection, 1860-1971, (Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University)

Andrews was a Whimsies editor.

From the description of Letter, 1922 Nov. 15, Dumbarton, Va., to [Charles] Andrews [Ann Arbor] (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34368005

Virginia author.

From the description of Letter to "My dear Louise" [manuscript], 1946 January 17. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647833413

From the description of Letter to Mr. Greenwald [manuscript], 1924 December 27. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647834062

From the description of Papers of James Branch Cabell, 1932-1956. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 32136017

From the description of Letter to John Meloy Stahl [manuscript], 1924 January 7. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647824636

Born in Richmond in 1879. Graduated from William and Mary. Worked as newspaperman and as a mining company employee. Wrote over fifty volumes including the suppressed work, Jurgen. Died in 1958.

From the description of Letters, 1940-1953, to Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. (College of William & Mary). WorldCat record id: 20021172

From the description of James Branch Cabell Papers (IV) 1909 and 1921 (College of William & Mary). WorldCat record id: 192075183

James Branch Cabell was born in Richmond, Va. 14 April 1879 and graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1898. he worked for newspapers in Richmond, Va. and New York City and as a mining company employee. Cabell wrote over fifty volumes including the suppressed work, Jurgen.

From the description of Papers, ca. 1902-1958. (College of William & Mary). WorldCat record id: 25750839

J.B. Cabell was born in Richmond, Va. and spent the majority of his life in that city; he is the author of over 50 works and numerous articles and short stories; he is best known for "Jurgen" (1919), the controversial work which was labeled as obscene and pornographic.

From the description of James Branch Cabell Collection, 1930-1945. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 40862487

James Branch Cabell was an American author, known for his highly stylized prose and somewhat controversial subject matter. Born into an aristocratic Virginia family, he was educated at the College of William & Mary, where he excelled as a student and taught language courses as an undergraduate. His name was associated with a pair of awkward scandals, but he was acquitted and worked as a journalist while honing his literary skills as a short story writer. He developed his key work, the Biography of the Life of Manuel, as a series of interconnected novels and short stories based upon the myth-making adventures of the Faustian swineherd Manuel and his descendents. Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice, elicited a lawsuit on charges of obscenity, but Cabell was exonerated. His mannered prose was deemed tedious by some, but Cabell's works had many contemporary admirers, including Mark Twain and H.L. Mencken, and have influenced writers such as Robert A. Heinlein, Jack Vance, and Neil Gaiman.

From the description of James Branch Cabell letter, page proof, and keepsake pamphlet, 1929-1979. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 155847730

Author.

From the description of James Branch Cabell papers, 1926. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79454946

From the description of Papers, 1915-1935. (Indiana University). WorldCat record id: 28084741

American poet and essayist.

From the description of Autographed photograph of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898740

From the description of Letter to Mr. and Mrs. Sinclair Lewis, from James Branch Cabell [manuscript], 1920-1921. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898786

Cabell was a 20th-century American author famous for his novel Figures of earth.

From the guide to the Letters to Ivan Somerville, 1927-1928., (Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University)

American novelist and essayist.

From the description of Letter to Mrs. Woolf [manuscript], 1920 September 25. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647807885

Novelist, historian.

From the description of James Branch Cabell papers, 1919-1922. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 489374963

Cabell was a 20th-century American author, famous for his novel Figures of earth.

From the description of Letters to Ivan Somerville, 1927-1928. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 80404991

American author.

From the description of Letter and petition, 1920-1938. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 56349786

From the description of Papers of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], 1913-1924. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647833194

From the description of Letters to admirers [manuscript], 1929, 1941, 1948. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647824764

From the description of Letter to William Shaw [manuscript], 1940 January 10. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647825685

From the description of Jurgen [manuscript], n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647807737

From the description of Proofs of "The silver stallion" [manuscript], 1920-1946. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647831028

From the description of Letter to Guy Holt [manuscript], 1927 September 5. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647826840

From the description of Letter to Mr. Hathaway [manuscript], 1927 November 11. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647833229

From the description of Manuscripts : of James Branch Cabell, 1911-1951, n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 30793043

American author and essayist.

From the description of Papers of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], 1669-1937, n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898745

From the description of Photograph of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898780

From the description of Photograph and autograph poem of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], 1923. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898738

From the description of Papers of James Branch Cabell [manuscript], 1917-1930. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898714

From the description of Letters to Harold Ward [manuscript], 1919-1923. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898778

From the description of Correspondence with A. Grove Day [manuscript], 1926-1935. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898783

From the description of Letter to Hudson Strode [manuscript], 1940 March 2. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898775

From the description of Letters from James Branch Cabell manuscript], 1928-1938. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647898772

Forms part of the Clifton Waller Barrett Library.

Virginia author.

From the description of Letters and greeting cards to Benjamin De Casseres, 1919-1938. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 31084205