Handler, Ruth, 1916-2002

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Businesswoman Ruth Handler (1916-2002), creator of Barbie, was the youngest of ten children born to Polish immigrants who settled in Denver, Colorado. She moved to Los Angeles, California, and married childhood sweetheart Elliot Handler in 1938. While he studied industrial design, they formed Elliot Handler Plastics, and between 1939 and 1942 Elliot designed and manufactured novelty goods made of the new material lucite, and Ruth managed the business and sales. Their second venture, Elzac, 1942-1944, manufactured costume jewelry.

With their friend Harold (Matt) Matson they formed Mattel, Inc., which was incorporated in 1945. At first they sold doll furniture, and later branched out into musical toys. Capital loaned by family members in 1947 and 1949 helped expand the company which remained a Handler-owned and operated concern until 1963 when shares were first traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Manufacture was sub-contracted and the Mattel plant in Hawthorne, California, was used for assembly alone. In the 1950s, the company hired mostly women, of all races and nationalities and in the 1960s pioneered safety measures that became industry standards.

As executive vice-president in charge of sales and management, Ruth Handler took a gamble in 1955 and bought $500,000 worth of network advertising on the Walt Disney television program, "The Mickey Mouse Club." This led to sustained, year-round advertising direct to children and caused spectacular growth. New toy lines, including burp guns, western pistols, and model Winchester rifles, raised sales from $5 million to $14 million in three years. The company's slogan: "If it's Mattel, it's swell" was ubiquitous. The Barbie doll, created in 1959 by Ruth Handler and named after her daughter Barbara, and the Ken doll which followed in 1961 named for son Kenneth, soon accounted for a substantial proportion of the company's revenues. A talking doll, Chatty Cathy, and Hot Wheels (introduced in 1968) cemented Mattel's position as the dominant toy company in the world with over $100 million in sales.

During the mid-1960s the company adopted a new policy of acquiring non-toy companies in order to lessen dependence on the fluctuations of the toy market. Seymour Rosenberg was appointed Vice President of Finance, and a decentralized management of independent divisions was created that weakened the Handlers' oversight and control. Ruth Handler, now president of the company which had grown to include plants in Asia, Europe, Canada, and Mexico, was increasingly involved in national business organizations, serving on the Advisory Committee on the Economic Role of Women, 1973-1974, the American Cancer Society, California Division, 1972-1978, and the U.S. National Business Council for Consumer Affairs, 1971-1973. In 1970, Handler was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a mastectomy. A combination of these factors, as well as poor accounting practices, unwise product decisions, and a fire in their Mexican plant, led the company to post their first loss of $30 million in 1972. A bullish earnings report for the first quarter of 1973 was followed by another loss of $32 million later in the year.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began an investigation in June 1973 charging Mattel with issuing false reports, overstating earnings, and understating expenses. A new COO and president, Arthur Spear, was appointed. By a consent decree (Sept. 1974) Mattel agreed to add independent directors and to appoint a special counsel and new auditors to investigate the company's financial practices. The report, issued in 1975 by Special Counsel Seth Hufstedler, singled out as personally responsible Ruth and Elliot Handler and Seymour Rosenberg, who had been fired in 1972. The report recommended that the company file suit against their accounting firm, Arthur Andersen, which had overlooked accounting irregularities. It found no evidence of insider trading, but declared that Mattel, in an effort to maintain the appearance of corporate growth, had given new meaning to the term "mismanagement."

The Handlers both resigned from the company in 1975. Meanwhile Mattel sued Arthur Andersen and in April 1977 settled out of court. Class action suits by shareholders were consolidated and settled out of court with the establishment of a $30 million fund to which the Handlers contributed two million shares in 1976. Then in 1978, Ruth Handler and four others were indicted for conspiracy, mail fraud, and filing false statements and reports. Ruth Handler pleaded not guilty but changed her plea to "nolo contendere," saying: "I believe that I am innocent of any criminal wrongdoing. But I decided with my attorney's concurrence to plead 'nolo.'" Handler and Rosenberg were sentenced to 500 hours of community service for five years and to pay fines. During her probation Handler was instrumental in creating the Foundation for People (an acronym for Program for Ex-Offenders on Probation for Learning Experience) to provide white collar probationers with opportunities to do useful public service.

Meanwhile, unable to find a well-fitting breast prosthesis after her mastectomy, Ruth Handler had gone into business in 1976 with Gerald Peyton, founding Ruthton Co., which manufactured silicon breast prostheses called Nearly Me. Handler managed the company, appeared frequently in the media and visited department stores where she personally fitted breast prostheses. In 1991 she sold the company.

Although neither of the Handlers had any formal business training, Ruth Handler completed a Business Executive course at the University of Caliifornia at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1957 and was invited to teach a course on Consumerism at the UCLA School of Management in 1974 and on Managing Small Business in 1975.

Both Handlers were frequently honored for their business achievement. Ruth Handler was singled out as as Outstanding Business Woman by the National Association of Accountants (1961), Woman of the Year by the Los Angeles Times (1968), and one of seventy-five Outstanding Women in America by the Ladies' Home Journal (1971). Ruth and Elliot Handler were inducted into the Toy Industry Hall of Fame (1988) and Ruth was the first to be named Woman of Distinction by the United Jewish Association (1992). Her fame as the "mother" of Barbie continued to grow, especially after the publication of her autobiography, Dream Doll, in 1994. In 1994 and 1999 she was once more associated with Mattel, Inc., in celebrating the 35th and 40th anniversaries of Barbie.

Ruth Handler died in Los Angeles, California, on April 27, 2002.

RUTH HANDLER'S FAMILY TREE

The children of Jacob (d.1944) and Ida Rubinstein Moskowicz (settled in Denver in 1909):

1. Sara Mosko (1895-1950) m. Louis Greenwald (who married 2nd Jacqueline Greenwald) 2. Reuben Mosko (1896-1956) m. Esther (1903-1962) Marvin Theodore Mosko (1923) m. Helene Gilbert Mosko m. Monica Jay Mosko (d. 1974) Rubin Mosko m. (1) Anna Fuchs and m.(2) Leonor Shultz Steward Mosko Howard Reuben Mosko (1928-) 3. Lillian Mosko (1898-1982) m. Ellis Loeb Ronald Loeb m. Shirley Joshua Loeb (1975- ) Daniel Loeb Jennifer Loeb Rachel Loeb Gabriel Loeb (1981- ) 4. Louis Mosko (1900-1950) m. Lilly Philip Mosko m. Rene Scott Mosko m. Elena Leslie Ann Mosko Arnold Mosko m. Karen 5. Doris Mosko (1903-?) m. Harry Paul Bruce Paul m. Donna David Paul Douglas Paul m. Stacy Karen Paul m. Ron Colson Daniel Paul m. Tricia Terri Paul m. Joe Margoshes 6. Max Mosko (1905-?) m. Lillian Melz Dennis Mosko m. Michelle Blake Mosko Madison Mosko Ivan Mosko m. Lola 7. Joseph Mosko (1905-1991) m. Lillian Gary Mosko m. Stacy Ellen Sue Mosko m. Ron Reisner Andrew Reisner (1975-) David Reisner m. Cari Gail Mosko m. ? Nelson 8. Aaron Mosko (1912-1997) m. Jean (1914-1997) Martin Mosko m. Sabine Sophijoyce Mosko Raymond Basho Mosko Daphne Jean Mosko Beverly Anne Mosko m. Stanley Kline Stephen Mosko m. Dorothy 9. Maurice Mosko (1915-?) m. Sylvia Cynthia Mosko m. (1) Ray Tennent and m. (2) Jon Walker Josh Tennent JoAnne Tennent Scott Tennent m. Jill Betterfly Debra Sue Mosko m. Jon D'Amico 10. Ruth Mosko (1916-2002) m. Elliot Handler (1916-) Barbara Joyce Handler (1941-) m. Allen Segal Cheryl Segal (1962-) Todd Segal Kenneth Robert Handler (1944-1994) m. Suzie Samantha Handler m. Alfredo Cofino Jeffrey Handler m. Marlene Calzadilla Stacey Handler (1969-) m. Steven Gerber Steven Handler

Children of Freida Chankes and Samuel Handler (Ukranian):

Albert Handler m. Netta Dana Handler m. Bill Laurie Jo Handler m. Fred Shelly Handler Sidney Handler m. Adaline Gary Handler Sylvia Handler m. Abe Rubin Steven Rubin Karen Rubin m. Craig Rippens Susan J Rubin m. Alexander Martin Rubin m. Julia Isadore Elliot Handler m. Ruth Mosko

see above

From the guide to the Papers, 1931-2002, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute)

Businesswoman and creator of Barbie, Ruth (Mosko) Handler (1916-2002) was the youngest of ten children born to Polish-Jewish immigrants who settled in Denver, Colo. She moved to southern California and married Elliot Handler, her high school sweetheart, in 1938. They formed two companies: Elliot Handler Plastics (1939-1942) to manufacture novelty goods designed by Elliot and marketed by Ruth Handler, and Elzac (1942-1944), manufacturing costume jewelry. In 1945, with their partner Harold "Matt" Matson, they incorporated Mattel, Inc., the toy company that sold doll furniture, musical toys, and a variety of burp guns, western pistols, and model rifles. In 1959 Ruth Handler created Barbie after noticing her daughter liked playing with paper cutout dolls of teenagers and career women. This was followed by Ken in 1961. A talking doll, Chatty Cathy, and Hot Wheels, introduced in 1968, made Mattel, Inc., the dominant toy company world wide. By the end of the 1960s Mattel had acquired non-toy companies and had plants in many countries, and Ruth Handler, president of the company, served many national business organizations, including the Advisory Committee on the Economic Role of Women, and the U.S. National Business Council for Consumer Affairs. Poor accounting, unwise product decisions, and bad luck led to unexpected losses in 1972 and 1973. An investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission held the Handlers responsible and they were forced out of the company in 1975.

In 1978, Ruth Handler was indicted for mail fraud, false reporting, and conspiracy to which she pleaded no contest. She was sentenced to 500 hours of community service for five years. During this period, following a mastectomy, she began to campaign for increased public awareness of cancer. Unable to find a decent prosthetic breast, Handler created her own, called Nearly Me, and formed a company, Ruthton Corp., to market it. Handler died in April 2002 in Los Angeles at the age of 85.

From the description of Papers, 1931-2002 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232009115

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Weinberg, Tom. Watch It! [videorecording] : episode 102-2, ca. 1992. Media Burn Independent Video Archive
referencedIn Papers, 1931-2002 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Ruth Handler papers, 1931-2002 (inclusive) Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Papers, 1931-2002 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
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associatedWith Disney, Walt person
correspondedWith Doris Mosko Paul person
correspondedWith Dorothy Mosko person
correspondedWith Douglas Paul person
associatedWith Dr. Elsie Giorgi person
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associatedWith Eisenhower, David, 1948- person
associatedWith Eisenhower, David, 1948- person
associatedWith Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969 person
associatedWith Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. person
associatedWith Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896- person
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spouseOf Handler, Elliot. person
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associatedWith Handler, Kenneth. person
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correspondedWith Hollywood High School Alumni Museum corporateBody
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associatedWith Jewish Community Foundation of Los Angeles corporateBody
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associatedWith Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles corporateBody
associatedWith John Wayne Cancer Institute corporateBody
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correspondedWith Kitturah B. Westenhouser person
correspondedWith Kokusai Boeki Kaisha Ltd. corporateBody
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correspondedWith Margoshes, Joe person
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correspondedWith Mosko, Jean person
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correspondedWith National Conference of Christians and Jews corporateBody
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correspondedWith Neumann, Sara person
associatedWith New York Society of Security Analysts corporateBody
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correspondedWith Paul, David person
correspondedWith Paul, Donna person
correspondedWith Paul, Tricia person
associatedWith Pennsylvania Breast Cancer Coalition corporateBody
correspondedWith Pepperdine University School of Law corporateBody
associatedWith Peterson, Barbara person
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associatedWith Richard Nixon's person
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associatedWith United States. Securities and Exchange Commission corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Securities and Exchange Commission. corporateBody
associatedWith University of California at Los Angeles Graduate School of Management corporateBody
associatedWith University of California, Los Angeles corporateBody
associatedWith University of California, Los Angeles. Graduate School of Management corporateBody
associatedWith University of California, Los Angeles, School of Management corporateBody
associatedWith Venice Family Clinic corporateBody
correspondedWith Veterans' Administration corporateBody
associatedWith Vietnamese Boat People corporateBody
associatedWith Vista Del Mar Child-Care Service corporateBody
associatedWith Vivian Sheldon Epstein person
associatedWith Waldenbooks, Inc. corporateBody
correspondedWith Walker, Jon person
associatedWith Walt Disney person
associatedWith Western States Advertising Agencies corporateBody
correspondedWith Western States Association of Advertising Agencies corporateBody
correspondedWith Whispering Maples. corporateBody
associatedWith William C. Quinn person
associatedWith Wisconsin Manufacturers Association corporateBody
associatedWith Women in Business Foundation corporateBody
associatedWith Women in Toys corporateBody
associatedWith Yasuo Yoshida's person
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correspondedWith Yoshida, Yas person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Los Angeles CA US
Denver CO US
Subject
Barbie dolls
Barbie dolls
Breast
Businesswomen
Dollmakers
Dolls
Inventions
Jewish women
Prothesis industry
Toy makers
Toys
Women inventors
Women-owned business enterprises
Occupation
Activity

Person

Birth 1916-11-04

Death 2002-04-27

Information

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