Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849

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Dolley Madison, the fourth First Lady of the United States, is widely remembered as the most lively of the early First Ladies. As a prominent entertainer and hostess, she helped shape the role of First Lady and served as the model for every future First Lady to come.

Dolley Payne was born on May 20, 1768, in Guilford County, North Carolina. She was the fourth of eight children born to John and Mary Payne. The family moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1783. In 1790, Dolley Payne married lawyer and fellow Quaker John Todd, Jr. Together they had two children: John Payne Todd born in 1792 and William Isaac Todd born in 1793. Tragically, in 1793, baby William, her husband, and her husband’s family died of yellow fever. Dolley and her son John were the only survivors.

Philadelphia became the capital of the United States in 1790. Living there, gave her the opportunity to meet many important political figures. In 1794, Dolley Payne Todd married James Madison, a planter and Congressman from Virginia. Three years later, the couple moved to the Madison family plantation called Montpelier in Orange, Virginia. Madison managed the household and cared for her elderly mother-in-law.

In 1801, when James Madison was appointed President Thomas Jefferson’s Secretary of State, the Madisons moved to Washington, DC, the new capital city. Between 1801 and 1809, Madison co-hosted events for President Jefferson. Jefferson’s wife Martha had died years earlier and it was common at that time for the wife of a friend to act as hostess for special events when there was no female head of house. While acting as hostess, Madison helped create events worthy of European politicians who expected to attend fine, upscale events. These social functions were important to the new nation’s image abroad.

James Madison was elected president in 1808. On the evening of his inauguration, Dolley Madison sponsored the first Inaugural Ball. During their time in the White House, she was the first president’s wife to formally associate herself with a public charity project, sponsoring a home for orphaned girls in Washington, DC. Throughout her husband’s two terms, from 1809-1817, Madison was a main feature in the political society of the United States. She formed friendships with the wives of important politicians. Through these relationships, Madison was able to influence opinions in favor of her husband and his politics.

Madison is most remembered for her actions during the War of 1812. As the British started to set fire to the city, she stayed behind at the White House to ensure the safe removal of important documents, silver, and art, including a large portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Even though the British burned much of the city, including the White House, Madison continued entertaining in her temporary quarters, now called Dumbarton House, while the White House was repaired. Through Madison’s continued work entertaining politicians, she hoped to show the continued strength of the United States despite what happened to the capital city.

When President Madison’s second presidential term ended in 1817, the couple returned to Montpelier. James Madison died in 1836. After his death, Madison was forced to sell off much of his property, including Montpelier, to pay off the debts of her son.

After selling Montpelier, Madison moved to Washington, DC in 1844, where she spent the remainder of her life. While living in DC, she became a permanent fixture in DC society and in US politics. She continued to entertain and was beloved by politicians and DC residents alike. During this time, she was awarded an honorary seat in Congress, allowing her to watch Congressional debates from the floor. On July 12, 1849, Dolley Payne Todd Madison died in Washington, DC at age eighty-one. Throughout her long life, she set the standard for all the First Ladies who would serve in that role in the future.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Cranch, William, 1769-1855. Letter : Washington, D.C., to Mrs. D.T. Madison, 1836 July 13. George Washington University
referencedIn Hooker, Richard James, 1913-,. Hooker collection, 1788-1890 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Papers of Dolley Madison, 1812-1837. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Cutts family papers, 1755-1905 Library of Congress
referencedIn Washington Irving's Life of George Washington Volume 14, Miscellany, 1784-1860 Cornell University Library
creatorOf Madison, James, 1751-1836,. Personal letters of the related Breckenridge, Watts, Allen, Madison, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders families [manuscript] 1794-1862. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809,. Virginia letters [manuscript], 1776-1846. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Note, 1845. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Madison, James, 1751-1836. Letter to the Auditors of Virginia [manuscript] : Letter from Dolly Madison to James Buchanan, 20 August 1782-3 Feb. 1847. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Trist, Nicholas Philip, 1800-1874,. Letters to James Madison and Dolly P. Madison, regarding the U. Va., nullification, secession [microform] 1826-36. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Belton, Francis S. Letter : Fort McHenry, to Dolley P. Madison, Washington City, 1847 Oct. 18. Texas Christian University
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letter [Washington, D.C.] to James Newman, Orange Court House, Va., about the purchase of some land in Orange Co., Va. [manuscript] 1838 May 25. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Autograph File, M Houghton Library
creatorOf Willis, Nelly A. Conway Madison, fl.1804- 1812. Nelly A. Willis Letter to Dolley Payne Todd Madison [manuscript] 1812 June 24. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Historic American Buildings Survey. Papers pertaining to Montpelier, 1835, 1863 and 1985. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Dolley Madison Papers, 1794-1852, (bulk 1836-1849) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. ALS, 1840 September 7 : Montpellier, [VA], to Mrs. Davis. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letter to Ann Maury, 1836 March 22. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn William Eustis Papers, 1757-1908, (bulk 1801-1825) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letters received : by Dolley Madison, 1795-1812. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. Papers, 1768-1922 (inclusive). American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Rives, William C. (William Cabell), 1793-1868. Letters, 1828-1838, to James and Dolley Madison and John C. Payne. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn James Madison papers, 1781-1847 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Madison, Dorothy Todd, Mrs. James. Autograph letter unsigned : Washington, 1839 May 15. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Chester, John Needels, 1864-1955,. John Needels Chester collection, 1703-1939. The Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
referencedIn Collection, 1788-1890 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Dolley and James Madison letters, 1810-1823. Kentucky Historical Society, Martin F. Schmidt Research Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Dolley Madison frank, n.d. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Smith, George T. (George Theodore), b. 1864. Resolution of the citizens of Madison, Va.? [manuscript] 1836. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Mrs. James (Dorothy Todd). Autograph letter : Montpellier, to T.J. Randolph, 1833 May 16. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Paulding, James Kirke, 1778-1860. J.K. Paulding letters, 1839-1856 Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Madison, James, 1751-1836. Papers of James and Dolley Madison [manuscript], 1834-1835. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Sigourney, L. H. (Lydia Howard), 1791-1865. Papers, 1834-1865 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letters to Eliza C. Scott Rankin, discussing personal news with a reference to her husband's health [manuscript]. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Coolidge, Ellen Wayles Randolph, 1796-1876. Correspondence of Ellen Wayles Randolph Coolidge, 1810-1861. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letter to John Forsyth thanking him for extending to her the franking privilege of James Madison [manuscript] 20 August 1836. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Bryant, John Cullen,. American and English literary and historical papers collected by Atcheson L. Hench [manuscript] 1795-1943. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Brent, Robert A. Calendar, Nicholas Trist papers, Virginia Historical Society [manuscript]. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Dolley Madison letter to her sister, [manuscript], undated. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Stevenson, Sarah Coles, 1789-1848. Letter of condolence to Dolley Madison on the death of her husband, James Madison [manuscript] 1836 July 26. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Dick, Alexander, fl. 1806-1809. Journal : of Alexander Dick, 1806-1809. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Sigourney, L. H. (Lydia Howard), 1791-1865. Letter, 1839 March 27, Hartford, Conn., to Dorothea Madison, Washington, D.C. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Lee, Elizabeth Collins, d. 1858. Elizabeth Collins Lee letter to Anthony Morris [manuscript] 1843 Aug. 4. University of Virginia. Library
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creatorOf Meikleham, Septimia Randolph, 1814-1887. Randolph-Meikleham family papers [manuscript], 1792-1882. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Harwood Family Papers, 1767-1940, (bulk 1767-1890) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Todd, James Madison. James Madison Todd : papers, 1842-1869. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letter to Jean Pierre Sioussat [manuscript], 1841 June 2. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Papers, 1836. Virginia Historical Society Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Papers of Dolley Madison including letters to Richard Smith regarding her financial affairs [manuscript] 1841-48. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Loring family. Loring family correspondence, 1812-1863. Litchfield Historical Society
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referencedIn Madison family. Papers of the Madison family, 1768-1866. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Nicholas Philip Trist Papers, 1795-1873, (bulk 1831-1848) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
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creatorOf Madison, (Dorothy Todd), Mrs. James. Autograph verses signed, 1830 May 10. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Miller family. Papers of the Miller family, 1806-1914. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letter to Mrs. James K. Paulding [manuscript] 28 Oct. 1839. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. Papers, 1768 - ca. 1936 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. James and Dolley Madison papers [manuscript]. University of Virginia. Library
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referencedIn Portraits [manuscript], 1679-1893. University of Virginia. Library
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creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Letters, 1809-1845. Historical Society of Washington, D.C.
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creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Inventory of the estate of John Todd, Jr. [manuscript], 1793 November 21, December 7. University of Virginia. Library
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referencedIn Madison, James, 1751-1836. Papers, 1803-1830. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
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creatorOf Wirt, William, 1772-1834. Letters to James Monroe and Dolley Madison [manuscript], 1820-1840. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Jasper E. Crane Collection of James and Dolley Madison, 1783-1850 Princeton University. Library. Dept. of Rare Books and Special CollectionsManuscripts Division
creatorOf Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849. Papers of Dolley Madison [manuscript], 1794-1849, n.d. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Baldwin Family Papers, 1779-1886, bulk 1803-1865 The Huntington Library
creatorOf Blount, Jackie Sumner,. Letters to Dolly Madison [manuscript] 1794-1837. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Cox-Parrish-Wharton Papers, 1600-1900. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
creatorOf Elliott, Jesse D. (Jesse Duncan), 1782-1845. Jesse D. Elliott letter to Dolley Madison [manuscript], 1845 January 15. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Cutts, Mary Estelle Elizabeth. Papers, ca.1855. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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referencedIn Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844. ALS : Philadelphia, to Dolley Madison, 1836 July 16. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IId, 1837-1844 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn North Wall of Long Room United States. National Archives and Records Administration
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referencedIn ORIGINAL LETTERS. etc., 1529-1872 and undated, largely (perhaps entirely) collected by Joseph Green Cogswell, LL.D., Superintendent of the Astor Library, New York (see A. E. Ticknor, Life of J. G. Cogswell, privately printed, 1874). Some of the lette..., 1529-1872 British Library
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Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848. person
associatedWith American Colonization Society. corporateBody
associatedWith American Philosophical Society. corporateBody
associatedWith Baldwin Family family
associatedWith Barbour, J. S. (John Strode), 1790-1855. person
associatedWith Barlow, Ruth Baldwin, 1755-1818, person
associatedWith Barnard, Ella K. (Ella Kent), b. 1853. person
associatedWith Barnard, Henry, 1811-1900. person
associatedWith Beeson, Isaac, fl. 1835, person
associatedWith Belton, Francis S. person
associatedWith Blatterman, George Walter Clements. person
associatedWith Blatterman, George Walter Clements, 1820-1910. person
associatedWith Brent, Robert A. person
associatedWith Buchanan, James, 1791-1868. person
associatedWith Caplan, Albert J. (Albert Joseph), 1908- person
associatedWith Causten, Anna Payne. person
correspondedWith Causten, Anna Payne, 1819-1852 person
associatedWith Causten, James H., 1788-1874, person
associatedWith Chester, John Needels, 1864-1955, person
correspondedWith Clay, Henry, 1777-1852 person
associatedWith Cobbett, William, 1763-1835. person
associatedWith Coles, Edward, 1786-1868. person
associatedWith Conway, Lucy H. Macon, person
associatedWith Coolidge, Ellen Wayles Randolph, 1796-1876. person
associatedWith Copeland, Lammot du Pont, 1905-1983, person
associatedWith Cranch, William, 1769-1855. person
associatedWith Crane, Jasper E. (Jasper Elliot), 1881-1969 person
associatedWith Cruse, Thomas. person
associatedWith Cutts, E. E., fl. 1832, person
associatedWith Cutts, Ellen, person
associatedWith Cutts family. family
associatedWith Cutts family. family
associatedWith Cutts, Martha H., person
associatedWith Cutts, Mary Estelle Elizabeth. person
correspondedWith Cutts, R. D. (Richard Dominicus), 1817-1883 person
associatedWith Cutts, Richard, 1771-1845. person
associatedWith Davis, John A.G., 1801-1840. person
associatedWith Democratic Young Men's Convention. corporateBody
associatedWith Dick, Alexander, fl. 1806-1809. person
associatedWith Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844. person
associatedWith Ellicott, Mrs., person
associatedWith Elliott, Jesse D. (Jesse Duncan), 1782-1845. person
associatedWith Eustis, William, 1753-1825. person
associatedWith Fluvanna County (Va.). Court. corporateBody
associatedWith Force, Peter, 1790-1868. person
associatedWith Forsyth, John, person
associatedWith Forsyth, John, 1780-1841, person
associatedWith Foster, Augustus John, Sir, 1780-1848, person
correspondedWith Gibbes, Robert W. (Robert Wilson), 1809-1866. person
associatedWith Goulding, John, person
associatedWith Grove, Barry, person
associatedWith Harwood family family
associatedWith Harwood family. family
associatedWith Hay, E. K., person
associatedWith Hay, R. H., person
associatedWith Honyman, Robert, 1747-1824, person
associatedWith Hooker, Richard James, 1913-, person
associatedWith HOOKER, RICHARD JAMES, 1913- person
associatedWith Hopkins, Lucy Lyons, person
associatedWith Independent Highlanders. corporateBody
associatedWith Ingersoll, Charles Jared, 1782-1862. person
associatedWith Irving, Washington, 1783-1859. person
associatedWith Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845 person
associatedWith Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826. person
associatedWith Johnston, Clement Dixon, 1895-1979, person
associatedWith Keene, Maria Martin, person
correspondedWith Kent family. family
associatedWith Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834, person
associatedWith Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 1764-1820. person
correspondedWith Laurie, James person
correspondedWith Laurie, James person
associatedWith Lee, Elizabeth Collins, d. 1858. person
associatedWith Lee, William. person
associatedWith Loring family. family
associatedWith Louisa County (Va.). Court. corporateBody
associatedWith Madison family. family
associatedWith Madison family. person
associatedWith Madison, James, 1751-1836. person
associatedWith Madison, Maury. person
associatedWith Madison, William, 1762-1843 person
associatedWith Marshall, John, 1755-1835. person
associatedWith Martineau, Harriet, 1802-1876. person
associatedWith Mason, A. M., person
correspondedWith Mason, John Y. (John Young), 1799-1859 person
associatedWith Maury, Ann, 1803-1876, person
associatedWith Maury, William, fl. 1830-1836. person
associatedWith Megrew, Helen Collins. person
associatedWith Meikleham, Septimia Randolph, 1814-1887. person
associatedWith Miller family. family
correspondedWith Moncure, Henry W. (Henry Wood), 1800-1866 person
associatedWith Monroe, James, 1758-1831. person
associatedWith Montpelier (Va. : Dwelling) corporateBody
associatedWith Morgan, John P. (John Pierpont), 1918- person
associatedWith Morgan, Thomas P. person
correspondedWith Morris, Anthony, 1766-1860 person
correspondedWith Morris, Phoebe person
associatedWith Newman, James person
associatedWith O'Sullivan, John L. (John Louis), 1813-1895, Mrs., person
associatedWith Paine, Thomas, 1737-1809. person
associatedWith Paulding, Gertrude Kemble, d. 1841, person
associatedWith Paulding, James Kirke, 1778-1860. person
associatedWith Payne, J. C. person
associatedWith Preston, William C. (William Campbell), 1794-1860. person
associatedWith Randolph-Macon College. corporateBody
associatedWith Randolph, T. J., person
associatedWith Randolph, T. J., person
associatedWith Rankin, Eliza C. Scott, person
associatedWith Rives, William C. (William Cabell), 1793-1868. person
associatedWith Rush, Richard, 1780-1859. person
associatedWith Sage, Ebenezer, 1755-1834. person
associatedWith Sigourney, L. H. (Lydia Howard), 1791-1865. person
associatedWith Sigourney, L. H. (Lydia Howard), 1791-1865. person
associatedWith Sioussat, Jean Pierre, 1781-1864, person
associatedWith Smith, George T. (George Theodore), b. 1864. person
correspondedWith Smith, Richard person
correspondedWith Smith, Richard person
associatedWith Smith, Richard, fl. 1841-1848, person
associatedWith Stevenson, Sarah Coles, 1789-1848. person
associatedWith Storey, Moorfield, 1845-1929. person
correspondedWith Taylor, James, 1769-1848 person
associatedWith Thornton, Edward B., fl. 1848. person
associatedWith Ticknor, Benajah, 1788-1858. person
associatedWith Todd, James Madison. person
associatedWith Todd, John, d. 1791 person
associatedWith Todd, John Payne, 1792-1858. person
correspondedWith Todd, Rebecca person
correspondedWith Todd, Rebecca person
associatedWith Todd, Rebecca, fl. 1832, person
correspondedWith Todd, Samuel Poultney person
associatedWith Trist, Nicholas Philip, 1800-1874, person
associatedWith Tucker, George, 1775-1861. person
associatedWith Tudor, Delia Jarvis, person
associatedWith United States. Congress. House. Office of the Clerk. corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Congress. Senate. Office of the Secretary. corporateBody
associatedWith University of Virginia. Library corporateBody
associatedWith Van Jost, Alexander. person
associatedWith Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. person
associatedWith Walser, Richard Gaither, 1908- person
associatedWith Watson, Egbert Reed, 1810-1887. person
associatedWith Webster, Caroline Le Roy, 1797-1882. person
associatedWith Webster, Caroline LeRoy, 1797-1882. person
associatedWith Whittle, Conway, 1800-1881. person
associatedWith Williams, Wesley. person
associatedWith Willis, Nelly A. Conway Madison, fl.1804- 1812. person
associatedWith Winston, Isaac, person
associatedWith Wirt, William, 1772-1834. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Guilford County NC US
Montpelier VA US
Philadelphia PA US
Washington, D. C. DC US
Subject
Books
Bunker Hill, Battle of, Boston, Mass., 1775
Court-plaster
Eye
History
Home economics
Petition, Right of
Presidents
Presidents' spouses
Presidents' spouses
Presidents' spouses
Widows
Wives
Women
Occupation
Presidents' spouses
Activity

Person

Birth 1768-05-20

Death 1849-07-12

Female

Americans

English

Information

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