Gitlow, Benjamin, 1891-1965

American communist leader; later anti-communist writer.

From the description of Benjamin Gitlow papers, 1918-1963. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754869215

Benjamin Gitlow was born in Elizabethport, N.J. on December 22, 1891 to Russian immigrants. In 1909, Gitlow joined the Socialist Party. He organized and served as the first president of Retail Clerks Union of New York in 1913. As a Party candidate from the Bronx, Gitlow was elected to New York State Assembly in 1917. A year later, he joined the Left Wing Faction of Socialist Party. In 1919, Gitlow became manager of Revolutionary Age. That same year, the Left Wing faction was expelled from Socialist Party and Gitlow, John Reed, and James Larkin established the Communist Labor Party.

He ran for Vice President of the United States in 1928. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin expelled him from the Party in 1929. This provided the impetus for Gitlow, along with Jay Lovestone, Bertram Wolfe, and others, to organize Communist Party, USA (Majority Group). Gitlow again found himself being expelled, in 1933, by the Community Party, USA. Over the next two years, he was a founding member and principal leader of three successive small organizations: Workers Communist League, Labor Party Association, and Organization Committee for a Revolutionary Workers Party. After rejoining the Socialist Party in 1934, he resigned shortly thereafter.

His first public rejection of Communist Party came in 1939 with testimony before U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities. The following year he published I Confess: The Truth About American Communism. During the 1940s and 1950s, Gitlow proved popular as writer and lecturer on anti-Communist topics. In 1948, he published his second book, The Whole of Their Lives: Communism in America: A Personal History and Intimate Portrayal of Its Leaders. Gitlow married Badana Zeitlin in 1924. He died on July, 19, 1965 in Crompond, N.Y.

From the description of Papers, 1910-1968. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 46832985

Biographical Note

• 1891, Dec. 22: Born, Elizabethport, New Jersey
• 1909: Joined Socialist Party
• 1917: Elected to New York State Legislature
• 1919: Expelled from Socialist Party. Founding member, Communist Labor Party (later merged into Communist Party). Convicted under New York criminal syndicalism law and imprisoned
• 1921: Communist candidate for mayor of New York City
• 1922: Released from prison
• 1924: 1928: Communist candidate for Vice President of the U.S.
• 1926 - 1941 : Member, board of directors, American Fund for Public Service (Garland Fund)
• 1928: Elected alternate member, Executive Committee, Communist International
• 1929: Elected secretary-general, Communist Party. Expelled from Communist Party. Founding member, Communist Party (Majority Group) (later known as Communist Party [Opposition])
• 1933: Expelled from Communist Party (Opposition)
• 1933 - 1934 : Founding member and principal leader of three successive small organizations: Workers Communist League, Labor Party Association, and Organization Committee for a Revolutionary Workers Party
• 1934: Rejoined Socialist Party. Subsequently resigned
• 1939: Anti-communist witness before U.S. House Un-American Activities Committee
• 1940: Author, I Confess: The Truth about American Communism
• 1948: Author, The Whole of Their Lives: Communism in America: A Personal History and Intimate Portrayal of Its Leaders
• 1965, July 19: Died, Crompond, New York

From the guide to the Benjamin Gitlow Papers, 1918-1963, (Hoover Institution Archives)