McCracken, Josiah C., 1874-1962

Josiah Calvin McCracken was a medical missionary and educator in China from 1906 to 1948. Send out by the Christian Association of the University of Pennsylvania, he headed the medical department at Canton Christian College from 1907 to 1912, and at St. John's University in Shanghai from 1914-1942.

From the description of Josiah C. McCracken papers, 1907-1960 (inclusive). (Yale University). WorldCat record id: 702153171

Josiah C. McCracken was born in a pious religious family in Tennessee in 1874. His father was a scholar minister. After moving west homesteading to Kansas, the family helped build a local church. Josiah joined the United Presbyterian church when he was eight years old. In addition to the inheritance of a profound faith in christianity, young McCracken qcquired through the family's homesteading experience such qualities typical of American frontiers--a strong physique, manly demeanor, endurance of hardships, and the spirit of enterprise.

McCracken's outstanding athletic abilities led to his admission to the University of Pennsylvania in 1896. At Penn, he was elected president of his class for four years, and served as president of the Christian Association for three years. In the latter capacity, he initiated a number of welfare projects such as Boys' Camp and University Settlement, which benefited many less fortunate families in the area for decades following his tenure. McCracken's goal for the Christian Association was to make it a moral but lively character-building institution run by students for students. After his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1901, McCracken served as secretary of the Y.M.C.A. of Columbia University for two years.

Parallel to his contribution as a student leader, McCracken enjoyed a brilliant record as a star athlete at Penn. He played on the varsity football team all four years and earned the status of All-American. With his all-round athletic competence, McCracken was selected as a member of the United States Olympic Team in 1900; he competed in the events of shotput and hammer throw in Paris that year. All these merits and accomplishments made him one of the most popular students that the University of Pennsylvania ever graduated.

In early 1906, the Christian Association of the University of Pennsylvania, which was interested in taking over the medical department of the Canton Christian College in southern China, sent McCracken to Canton for a field study. After spending seven months in China, McCracken concluded that the medical work at the Canton Christian College was worth undertaking. Based on his report, the Christian Association accepted the proposal from the Collegein Canton to establish a Christian medical school of the highest order. The Association appointed McCracken to head its China mission. In February 1907, McCracken, with his new bride Helen Newpher McCracken, travelled to Canton to start what turned out to be a forty-year-long medical missionary career in China. When the proposed medical department of the Canton Christian College was renamed "The University Medical School in Canton, China," McCracken was made its president, and he served in that position for seven years from 1907 to 1913.

In late 1913, the Christian Association terminated its affiliation with the Canton Christian College and accepted the invitation from St. John's University, Shanghai, for a joint medical program. In the fall of 1914, McCracken transferred to Shanghai as dean of St. John's Medical School. His deanship continued from 1914 to 1942, interrupted for only a short period due to the revolution in China in the late twenties. Under his administration, the School grew remarkably in both its faculty and student body and became one of the best medical schools in China.

McCracken also served as chief surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital--the main teaching hospital for the Medical School. The Hospital treated over 80,000 out-patients each year. Though often overworked, McCracken enjoyed the hospitalwork. When war broke out between China and Japan in 1937, he helped build St. Luke's Hospital No. 2, also known as American Refugee Hospital. His China mission, however, was cut short by the Pacific War in World War II. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese occupation troops located Americans and British subjects working in Shanghai and deported them to their home countries. McCracken and his family left Shanghai for the United States in late June 1942.

After the end of World War II, McCracken came back to Shanghai in 1946 and served as dean of St. John's Medical School for another year. His contribution to the School, however, did not end with his retirement from the deanship. He continued to play an important role in raising funds in his home country for the School. He assisted St. John's graduates in their entry to advanced medical programs in American schools, among them Penn's Medical School. He also recruited talented Chinese medical graduates to join the faculty of St. John's Medical School. After the Communist government took over St. John's University in 1952, all relations between St. John's and its sponsoring church or missionary organizations in this country were broken. McCracken, however, kept close contact with graduates of St. John's Medical School living in this country and rendered them valuable advice and help.

McCracken died at his apartment in Philadelphia in 1962.

From the description of Papers, 1906-1993. (University of Pennsylvania). WorldCat record id: 145429724

• 1874: Born in Lincoln County, Tennessee; grew up in Kansas
• 1891 - 1895 : Attended Cooper College, which became Sterling College, Sterling, KS
• 1896 - 1901 : Attended University of Pennsylvania Medical School; athletic star in football and track
• 1901 - 1903 : YMCA secretary, Columbia University
• 1903 - 1905 : Medical intern at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia
• 1906: Visited China to evaluate need for medical work there for Christian Association of University of Pennsylvania
• 1906: Married Helen Newpher, who became the mother of their eight children.
• 1907 - 1912 : Developed the University Medical School at Canton Christian College, serving under the Christian Association of the University of Pennsylvania
• 1912 - 1913 : On furlough in U.S.; daughter Mary Elizabeth paralyzed by polio, but was later able to go to medical school and become a pediatrician in China.
• 1914 - 1942 : Dean of the Medical School of St. John's University, associated with the University of Pennsylvania; Professor of Surgery and chief surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital; physician to Shanghai American School.
• 1927: Received honorary Doctor of Science degree from University of Pennsylvania
• 1938 - 1942 : Head of American Red Cross Hospital for Refugees, Shanghai
• 1942: Repatriated on the exchange ship Gripsholm
• 1942 - 1946 : Staff surgeon at hospital in Pennsylvania
• 1944: Helen McCracken died.
• 1946 - 1948 : Returned to Shanghai to reestablished Medical School at St. John's.
• 1948: Returned to U.S.; retired from active professional duties but remained active in church-related activities. Provided numerous letters of reference for St. John's Medical School graduates seeking employment in the U.S.
• 1962: Died

Additional biographical information available in Mission to Shanghai; the life of medical service of Josiah Calvin McCracken by Helen McCracken Fulcher.

From the guide to the Josiah C. McCracken Papers, 1901-1961, (Yale University Divinity School Library)