Earhart, Amelia, 1897-1937

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Amelia Mary Earhart (AE) was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, the first daughter of Amy (Otis) Earhart and Edwin Stanton Earhart. Her sister, Grace Muriel, was born three years later. The family moved several times (to Kansas City, Kansas; Des Moines; St. Paul; Chicago) during AE's childhood as her father tried unsuccessfully to establish a profitable legal career. AE graduated from Chicago's Hyde Park High School in 1916. ESE's increasing reliance on alcohol and his inability to hold a job led eventually to a divorce, in 1924.

In addition to attending a variety of schools (Ogontz School in Greenfield, Pa., Columbia University, Harvard University), and experimenting with numerous areas of study (e.g., pre-med, French poetry, physics) and types of jobs (e.g., wartime nurses' aide in Toronto, telephone company worker, photographer), AE developed an interest in the relatively new field of aviation. While living in Los Angeles she took flying lessons from Neta Snook, pioneer woman pilot, and in 1921 made her first solo flight and bought her first airplane.

After her parents' divorce AE moved with her mother to Medford, Massachusetts, where Muriel was teaching. She taught English to immigrant factory workers and in 1926 became a social worker and resident at Denison House, a Boston settlement. During these years she continued to fly at local airfields and in 1927 was offered, and accepted, the opportunity to accompany Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon on their 1928 flight to England. She thereby became the first woman to make the transatlantic crossing by air, and an instant celebrity.

Intensely competitive, AE participated in numerous air races and held a variety of speed records and "firsts": she was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic solo (1932) and first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii, to Oakland, California (January 1935), and from Los Angeles to Mexico City (April 1935). AE was a mentor of other women pilots and worked to improve their acceptance in the heavily male field of aviation. In 1929 she helped organize the Ninety-Nines, an international organization of licensed women pilots (with 99 charter members) and served as its president until 1933. Married in 1931 to publisher and publicist George Palmer Putnam (GPP), AE still maintained her grueling nationwide lecture tours, which largely financed her flying, served as women's career counselor at Purdue University, and wrote books and articles on women and aviation. An outspoken advocate of women's equality, AE also designed sportswear for women, luggage suitable for air travel, and travel stationery.

AE made two attempts to fly around the world in 1937. The first, in March, ended when her airplane was badly damaged on take-off in California. On June 1 she took off from Miami with navigator Fred Noonan, intending to fly around the equator from west to east. On July 2, having completed 22,000 miles of the trip, AE and FN took off from Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island. They never reached the island. Despite an intensive search by the U.S. Navy and others, following radio distress calls, no trace of the fliers or their plane has ever been found.

The numerous AE biographies include Mary S. Lovell's The Sound of Wings: The Life of Amelia Earhart (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989), Doris L. Rich's Amelia Earhart: A Biography (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989), and two by her sister, Muriel Earhart Morrissey ( Courage is the Price: The Biography of Amelia Earhart, Wichita, Kan.: McCormick-Armstrong Publishing Division, 1963; and, with Carol L. Osborne, Amelia, My Courageous Sister: Biography of Amelia Earhart, Santa Clara, Calif.: Osborne Publisher, 1987). Jean Backus has edited a collection of AE's letters, based on the Amy Otis Earhart Papers, also in the Schlesinger Library ( Letters from Amelia: An Intimate Portrait of Amelia Earhart, Boston: Beacon Press, 1982). For other biographical sketches, see Notable American Women: 1607-1950 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971), and Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. XXII, Supplement Two (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958).

From the guide to the Papers, 1835, 1885, 1897-1977, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute)

Archival Resources
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creatorOf Papers, 1835, 1885, 1897-1977 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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referencedIn Additional records, 1877-1977 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Records, 1890-1984 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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referencedIn Personal Papers of Joseph M. Kellogg, 1909-1958 University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library University Archives
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creatorOf Papers of Amelia Earhart, 1835-1977 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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associatedWith Amy Otis Earhart person
associatedWith AMY (OTIS) EARHART, 1869-1962 person
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correspondedWith Ann Helen Earhart person
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associatedWith Lewis, Fulton, 1903-1966. person
associatedWith Lie, Jonas, 1880-1940. person
correspondedWith Light, Howland person
associatedWith Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 1906-2001. person
associatedWith Lindbergh, Charles A. (Charles Augustus), 1902-1974. person
associatedWith Lindbergh, Frank A., 1870-1966. person
associatedWith Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. corporateBody
associatedWith Lopez, Barry person
associatedWith Louis Gordon person
associatedWith Loy, Myrna, 1905-1993. person
associatedWith Lutz, Alma, 1890-1973 person
associatedWith Mabie, Janet. person
associatedWith MacCracken, William P. (William Patterson), 1888-1969. person
associatedWith MacDonald, Zola Marie person
associatedWith Maffitt, John Newland, 1819-1886 person
associatedWith Maffitt, John Newland, 1819-1886. person
associatedWith Mann, Charmetta person
associatedWith Manning, Harry, 1897-1974. person
associatedWith Mantz, Paul person
associatedWith Mantz, Paul. person
associatedWith Maria Grace Harres person
correspondedWith Marsha B. Hall person
associatedWith Marx, Harpo, 1888-1964. person
associatedWith Mary Melinda (Kingsbury) Simkhovitch, 1867-1951 person
associatedWith Mary (Ritter) Beard, 1876-1958 person
associatedWith Mason, Helen E. person
correspondedWith Maude M. Bronson person
associatedWith McAdoo, W. G. (William Gibbs), 1863-1941. person
associatedWith McAfee, Mildred H., 1900- person
associatedWith McCutcheon, John T. (John Tinney), 1870-1949. person
associatedWith McIntyre, Marvin Hunter, 1878-1943. person
associatedWith McMein, Neysa. person
associatedWith Meier, Nellie Simmons, d. 1939. person
associatedWith Mellon, Andrew W. (Andrew William), 1855-1937. person
associatedWith Merrill, Kenneth Griggs. person
associatedWith Millay, Kathleen, d. 1943. person
associatedWith Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Airports Commission. corporateBody
associatedWith Mitchell, Ruth Comfort, 1882-1954. person
associatedWith Moffett, William A. (William Adger), 1869-1933. person
associatedWith Mollison, James Allan, 1905-1959. person
associatedWith Monroe, Harriet, 1860-1936. person
associatedWith Morrissey, Muriel Earhart. person
associatedWith Morrissey, Muriel (Earhart), 1899- person
associatedWith MS. MAGAZINE, 1972- corporateBody
associatedWith Muni, Paul, 1895-1967 person
associatedWith Muni, Paul, 1895-1967. person
associatedWith Murphy, Frank, 1890-1949. person
associatedWith National Woman's Party corporateBody
associatedWith Nemhauser, Vivian P. (Vivian Phyllis), 1919-2003. person
associatedWith Newcomer, E. D., 1896-1973. person
associatedWith New York Times Company corporateBody
associatedWith Nichols, Ruth, 1901-1960. person
associatedWith Ninety-Nines (Organization) corporateBody
associatedWith Ninety-Nines (Organization) corporateBody
associatedWith Noonan, Fred person
associatedWith Noonan, Frederick J., d. 1937. person
associatedWith Northwest Airlines, inc. corporateBody
associatedWith Noyes, Blanche. person
associatedWith Nye, Gerald P. (Gerald Prentice), 1892-1971. person
associatedWith O'Connor, Basil, 1892-1972. person
associatedWith Odlum, Floyd B. person
associatedWith Ortiz, Bobbye S. person
associatedWith Otis family family
associatedWith Otis family. family
associatedWith Otis, George L., 1829-1883. person
associatedWith Owen, Ruth Bryan, 1885-1954. person
associatedWith Pacific Geographic Society. corporateBody
associatedWith Pangborn, Clyde Edward, ca. 1893-1958. person
associatedWith Piccard, Auguste, 1884-1962. person
associatedWith Pickerill, Elmo N. (Elmo Neale), 1885-1968. person
associatedWith Pickford, Mary, 1892-1979. person
associatedWith Pinchot, Ben. person
correspondedWith Pollitzer, Anita, 1894-1975. person
associatedWith Porter, Cole, 1891-1964. person
associatedWith Post, Wiley, 1898-1935. person
correspondedWith Pugsley, Beatrice person
associatedWith Purdue University corporateBody
associatedWith Purdue University. corporateBody
associatedWith Putnam, Brenda, 1890-1975. person
spouseOf Putnam, George Palmer, 1887-1950 person
associatedWith Pyle, Howard, 1906-1987. person
associatedWith Railey, Hilton H. (Hilton Howell), b. 1895. person
associatedWith Rasche, Thea. person
associatedWith Rauh, Richard E. person
associatedWith Reid, Helen Rogers, 1882-1970. person
associatedWith Reid, Ogden Mills, 1882-1947. person
associatedWith Reischauer, Edwin O. (Edwin Oldfather), 1910- person
associatedWith Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather, 1910- person
associatedWith Rickenbacker, Eddie, 1890-1973. person
associatedWith Rivera, Diego, 1886-1957. person
associatedWith Rogers, Will, 1879-1935. person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt), 1884-1962 person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Belle, 1892-1968. person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962. person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945. person
correspondedWith Royer, Lloyd person
associatedWith Royer, Lloyd. person
associatedWith Saltonstall, Leverett, 1892- person
associatedWith Saltonstall, Leverett, 1892-1979. person
associatedWith Schuyler, George Samuel, 1895- person
associatedWith Shouse, Catherine Filene, 1896-1994. person
associatedWith Sibour, Jacques de. person
associatedWith Simkhovitch, Mary K. (Mary Kingsbury), 1867-1951. person
associatedWith Smith, Corinna Lindon, 1876-1965. person
associatedWith Sobieski, Carol. person
correspondedWith Society of the Sons of the Revolution corporateBody
associatedWith Society of Woman Geographers. corporateBody
associatedWith Solomon, Samuel Joseph, 1899-1977. person
correspondedWith Spear, Eleanor, 1910-2006. person
associatedWith Stanton, Frank person
associatedWith Stanton, Frank. person
associatedWith Stinson, Katharine, 1917-2001 person
associatedWith Stultz, Wilmer person
associatedWith Stultz, Wilmer. person
associatedWith Sunderland, Clyde. person
associatedWith Swarzwald, Eugene. person
associatedWith Tompkins, Nathaniel, d. 1949. person
associatedWith Tonsing, Ernst Frederick, 1937- person
associatedWith Twain, Mark, 1835-1910 person
associatedWith Underwood, John W., person
associatedWith United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. corporateBody
associatedWith Vaeth, J. Gordon person
associatedWith Vaeth, J. Gordon (Joseph Gordon), 1921- person
associatedWith Vermont Transit Company. corporateBody
associatedWith Vidal, Eugene L. (Eugene Luther), 1895-1969. person
associatedWith Vidal, Gore, 1925- person
associatedWith Vidal, Gore, 1925- person
associatedWith Wallace, Mike, 1918- person
associatedWith Wallace, Mike, 1918- person
associatedWith Washburn, Bradford, 1910-2007. person
associatedWith Welborne, Patrick, person
associatedWith Wheaton, Marion A. person
associatedWith White, Eva Whiting, 1880-1974 person
associatedWith White, Eva Whiting, 1880-1974. person
associatedWith Whyte, Edna Gardner. person
associatedWith Wilbur, Richard person
correspondedWith William Rose Benet person
associatedWith Williams, Clarence Strong, 1890- person
associatedWith Wittner, Fred, 1909-1972. person
associatedWith WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION corporateBody
associatedWith Women's Educational and Industrial Union (Boston, Mass.) corporateBody
associatedWith Wright, Lucile M. person
associatedWith Wright, Lucile M. person
associatedWith Wright, Orville person
correspondedWith Young, Bess person
associatedWith Younger, J. Arthur (Jesse Arthur), 1893-1967. person
associatedWith Zaharias, Babe Didrikson, 1911-1956. person
associatedWith Zonta International corporateBody
associatedWith Zonta International. corporateBody
Place Name Admin Code Country
Saint Paul MN US
Pacific Ocean 00
West Lafayette IN US
Chicago IL US
Boston MA US
Toronto 08 CA
Atchison KS US
New York City NY US
Subject
Aeronautics
Air pilots
Air pilots
Commemorative postage stamps
Flight
Transatlantic flights
Women air pilots
Women in aeronautics
Occupation
Air pilots
Pilots
Social Worker
Teacher
Activity

Person

Birth 1897-07-24

Death 1937-07

Female

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6rc7w70

SNAC ID: 85724374