Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924

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Known as “The Duchess,” Florence Mabel Kling Harding served as First Lady from 1921 to 1923 as the wife of President Warren G. Harding.

Daughter of the richest man in a small town–Amos Kling, a successful businessman–Florence Mabel Kling was born in Marion, Ohio, in 1860, to grow up in a setting of wealth, position, and privilege. Much like her strong-willed father in temperament, she developed a self-reliance rare in girls of that era.

A music course at the Cincinnati Conservatory completed her education. When only 19, she eloped with Henry De Wolfe, a neighbor two years her senior. He proved a spendthrift and a heavy drinker who soon deserted her, so she returned to Marion with her baby son. Refusing to live at home, she rented rooms and earned her own money by giving piano lessons to children of the neighborhood. She divorced De Wolfe in 1886 and resumed her maiden name; he died at age 35.

Warren G. Harding had come to Marion when only 16 and, showing a flair for newspaper work, had managed to buy the little Daily Star. When he met Florence a courtship quickly developed. Over Amos Kling’s angry opposition they were married in 1891, in a house that Harding had planned, and this remained their home for the rest of their lives.

Mrs. Harding soon took over the Star’s circulation department, spanking newsboys when necessary. “No pennies escaped her,” a friend recalled, and the paper prospered while its owner’s political success increased. As he rose through Ohio politics and became a United States Senator, his wife directed all her acumen to his career. He became Republican nominee for President in 1920 and “the Duchess,” as he called her, worked tirelessly for his election. In her own words: “I have only one real hobby–my husband.”

When Mrs. Harding moved into the White House, she opened the mansion and grounds to the public again–both had been closed through President Wilson’s illness. She herself suffered from a chronic kidney ailment, but she threw herself into the job of First Lady with energy and willpower. Garden parties for veterans were regular events on a crowded social calendar. The President and his wife relaxed at poker parties in the White House library, where liquor was available although the Eighteenth Amendment made it illegal.

Mrs. Harding always liked to travel with her husband. She was with him in the summer of 1923 when he died unexpectedly in California, shortly before the public learned of the major scandals facing his administration.

With astonishing fortitude she endured the long train ride to Washington with the President’s body, the state funeral at the Capitol, the last service and burial at Marion. She died in Marion on November 21, 1924, surviving Warren Harding by little more than a year of illness and sorrow.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Tillinghast, Anna Churchill Moulton, 1874-1951. Papers, 1911-1945 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Abbey, Woodbury, 1884-1963. Woodbury Abbey photographs, 1915-1940. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library
referencedIn Edith Bolling Galt Wilson Papers, 1833-1961, (bulk 1925-1961) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Letter by an unidentified reporter accompanying the Warren G. Harding party on an inspection tour of Alaska, 1923 July 10. Washington State Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Basket [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Figurine [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Carving [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Bracelet [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf De Coppet, Andre, 1892-1953,. Andre De Coppet collection of American historical manuscripts [microform], 1854-1936 (bulk 1854-1922). Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Necklace [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Quilt [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Knight, Aston, 1873-1948,. Painting [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt, 1861-1933. Papers, 1847-1933 Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Pouch, Tobacco [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Denby, Edwin, 1870-1929. Correspondence and papers of Edwin Denby, 1907-1925. Detroit Public Library, Detroit Main Library
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Bracelet [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 1860 - 1985. Documentary Films. 1914 - 1944. CEREMONIES ATTENDING THE BURIAL OF AN UNKNOWN. .. SOLDIER National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Ruhlen, Harold. Warren G. Harding : Obituary notices, editorial comment, etc., clippings chiefly from 0hio newspapers, 1923-1927. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Merrill, E. W. Print, Photographic [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Ring, Napkin [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Jennings, Malcolm, 1863-1926. Papers. Library of Congress
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Spoon [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Hanging [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Box [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn American Film Institute Collection. 1913 - 1960. Assorted Films. 1913 - 1960. International News National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893. Papers. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Purse [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Scarf [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Woods, James C., 1888-1965. Papers 1895-1923. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Dress [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Records of the American National Red Cross. 1881 - 2008. Photographic Materials Relating to Services to Armed Forces [SAF] and Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas [SRAO] National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Jacobs-Bond, Carrie, 1862-1946. Carrie Jacobs-Bond collection, circa 1896-circa 1944 Library of Congress
referencedIn American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions archives, 1810-1961. Houghton Library
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Shoe [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Carving [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Papers of Robert Woods Bliss and Mildred Barnes Bliss, ca. 1860-1969 (inclusive) Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Charles Moore Papers, 1848-1944, (bulk 1900-1937) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf SIGNATURES OF PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA from George Washington to Dwight David Eisenhower; 1776-aft. 1952. British Library
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Hat [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Carving [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Jacobs-Bond, Carrie, 1862-1946. Carrie Jacobs-Bond collection, circa 1896-circa 1944 Library of Congress
referencedIn Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 1860 - 1985. Historical Films. 1914 - 1936. PRESIDENT WARREN G. HARDING [1921-1923] National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Purse [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Autograph File, H Houghton Library
referencedIn Vol. XXXV, 1916 -1926.includes:ff. 1, 149 Sir William Blake Richmond, KCB; RA: Letters to Mary Gladstone: 1905-1919.f. 2 Mabel Barmby, sister of Ava Barmby: Letters to Mary Gladstone: 1915, 1916.ff. 4, 6 William Frend De Morgan, writer: Letter ..., 1916-1926 British Library
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923. Papers. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Laurence, Sydney, 1868-1940,. Painting [realia] : Mount McKinley. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Snowshoe [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Invitation [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Box, Jewelry [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Basket [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Coat [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923. Papers of Warren G. Harding, 1888-1923. Library of Congress
referencedIn American Film Institute Collection. 1913 - 1960. Assorted Films. 1913 - 1960. International News National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Carrie Jacobs-Bond Collection, circa 1896-circa 1944 Library of Congress. Music Division
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Tag, Animal [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Pass [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Picture, Needlework [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Necklace [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Fosseen, Carrie, 1875-1963. Carrie Fosseen papers, 1914-1951. Minnesota Historical Society Library
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Shoe [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Wood Shovel and Tool Company (Piqua, Ohio). Box [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Spoon [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Basket [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Totem [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Plaque [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Mark Sullivan Papers, 1900-1935, (bulk 1919-1935) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Necklace [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Badge [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Collar, Pet [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Suitcase [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Scobey, Frank E. (Frank Edgar), 1866-1931. Papers, 1914-1928. Library of Congress
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Gown, Evening [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Box, Jewelry [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Album, Photograph [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Box, Trinket [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924. Letter, Jan. 17, 1923. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Card, Membership [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Basket [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Carving [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Gown, Evening [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn American Film Institute Collection. 1913 - 1960. Assorted Films. 1913 - 1960. International News National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Abernethy, Charles L. (Charles Laban), 1872-1955. Papers, 1713-1972 (bulk 1900-1970). Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924. Florence Harding mourning card, ca. 1923. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
referencedIn Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel. 1798 - 2007. Moving Images Relating to Naval Activities. 1942 - 1947. PANAMA CANAL, C.Z. [ETC.] National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Quilt [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Invitation [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Pin [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Wood Shovel and Tool Company (Piqua, Ohio). Spade, Garden [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Pouch, Tobacco [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Vase [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923,. Quilt [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Spoon [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924. Letter, May 27, 1923. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Parasol [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 1860 - 1985. Historical Films. 1914 - 1936. MISCELLANEOUS SCENES IN WASHINGTON, 1921-1935 National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Lee, Mary E. (Brown), 1869-1952. Papers 1893-1948. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Lillian Gish papers, 1909-1992 The New York Public Library. Billy Rose Theatre Division.
creatorOf Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924,. Purse [realia]. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Abbey, Woodbury, 1884-1963. person
associatedWith Abernethy, Charles L. (Charles Laban), 1872-1955. person
associatedWith American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. corporateBody
correspondedWith Bliss, Robert Woods, 1875-1962 person
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Cincinnati Conservatory of Music corporateBody
correspondedWith Denby, Edwin, 1870-1929. person
associatedWith Fosseen, Carrie, 1875-1963. person
associatedWith Gish, Lillian, 1893-1993 person
spouseOf Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923. person
associatedWith Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822-1893. person
correspondedWith Jacobs-Bond, Carrie, 1862-1946. person
associatedWith Jennings, Malcolm, 1863-1926. person
associatedWith Knight, Aston, 1873-1948, person
associatedWith Laurence, Sydney, 1868-1940, person
associatedWith Lee, Mary E. (Brown), 1869-1952. person
associatedWith Merrill, E. W. person
correspondedWith Mezger, Esther Neely De Wolfe person
correspondedWith Moore, Charles, 1855-1942 person
correspondedWith Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt, 1861-1933 person
associatedWith Scobey, Frank E. (Frank Edgar), 1866-1931. person
correspondedWith Sullivan, Mark, 1874-1952. person
associatedWith Tillinghast, Anna Churchill Moulton, 1874-1951. person
correspondedWith Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961 person
associatedWith Wood Shovel and Tool Company (Piqua, Ohio) corporateBody
associatedWith Wood Shovel and Tool Company (Piqua, Ohio) corporateBody
associatedWith Woods, James C., 1888-1965. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
District of Columbia DC US
Cincinnati OH US
Marion OH US
Columbus OH US
Marion OH US
Subject
Bereavement
Children's clothing
First ladies
Presidents
Presidents' spouses
Occupation
Music teachers
Presidents' spouses
Activity

Person

Birth 1860-08-15

Death 1924-11-21

Female

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w64569jz

SNAC ID: 83679944