Hearst, William Randolph, 1863-1951

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William Randolph Hearst Sr. (April 29, 1863 – August 14, 1951) was an American businessman, newspaper publisher, and politician known for developing the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications. His flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest stories. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887 with Mitchell Trubitt after being given control of The San Francisco Examiner by his wealthy father, Senator George Hearst.

Moving to New York City, Hearst acquired the New York Journal and fought a bitter circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. Hearst sold papers by printing giant headlines over lurid stories featuring crime, corruption, sex, and innuendo. Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak. He later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. Hearst controlled the editorial positions and coverage of political news in all his papers and magazines, and thereby often published his personal views. He sensationalized Spanish atrocities in Cuba while calling for war in 1898 against Spain. Historians, however, reject his subsequent claims to have started the war with Spain as overly extravagant.

He was twice elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives. He ran unsuccessfully for President of the United States in 1904, Mayor of New York City in 1905 and 1909, and for Governor of New York in 1906. During his political career, he espoused views generally associated with the left wing of the Progressive Movement, claiming to speak on behalf of the working class.

After 1918 and the end of World War I, Hearst gradually began adopting more conservative views and started promoting an isolationist foreign policy to avoid any more entanglement in what he regarded as corrupt European affairs. He was at once a militant nationalist, a fierce anti-communist after the Russian Revolution, and deeply suspicious of the League of Nations and of the British, French, Japanese, and Russians. He was a leading supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932–34, but then broke with FDR and became his most prominent enemy on the right. Hearst's empire reached a peak circulation of 20 million readers a day in the mid-1930s. He was a bad manager of finances and so deeply in debt during the Great Depression that most of his assets had to be liquidated in the late 1930s. Hearst managed to keep his newspapers and magazines.

His life story was the main inspiration for Charles Foster Kane, the lead character in Orson Welles's film Citizen Kane (1941). His Hearst Castle, constructed on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, has been preserved as a State Historical Monument and is designated as a National Historic Landmark.

Hearst died in Beverly Hills, California on August 14, 1951. He was interred in Cypress Lawn Cemetery in San Francisco, California.

Archival Resources
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referencedIn American Medical Association. Dept. of Investigation. Records. Hearst, William Randolph-Heart Disease (inclusive), 1906-1983. American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library
referencedIn A.J. Liebling collection, 1920-1963. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
referencedIn Sadler, Reinhold, 1848-1906. Reinhold Sadler papers, 1874-1903. Nevada State Historical Society
referencedIn Mattie E. Hewitt & Richard A. Smith Photograph Collection, 1919-1961 (bulk 1920-1939) New-York Historical Society
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referencedIn Gervasi, Frank, 1908-1990. Frank Gervasi collection, [1930]-1989. Boston University. School of Medicine
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referencedIn Houghton Library printed book provenance file, E-K. Houghton Library
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referencedIn Charles W. Roberts Papers, 1932 - 1991 Herbert Hoover Library
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creatorOf Hastings, John Russel, 1878-1972. John Russel Hastings papers, 1909-1942. UC Berkeley Libraries
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creatorOf Willicombe, Joseph. Joseph Willicombe collection of William Randolph Hearst papers, circa 1900-circa 1945. UC Berkeley Libraries
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referencedIn James Graham Phelps Stokes, 1889-1910 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
creatorOf William Randolph Hearst papers, 1874-1951, (bulk 1927-1947) Bancroft Library
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referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: Undated, ca. 1952 [5 of 11]. Longhand Notes of President Harry S. Truman, ca. 1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: August 21, 1952. Longhand Note of President Harry S. Truman, 8/21/1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: January 3, 1952. Longhand Note of President Harry S. Truman, 1/3/1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 1860 - 1985. Historical Films. 1914 - 1936. HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS (CIVIL)--1918 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: January 18, 1952. Longhand Note of President Harry S. Truman, 1/18/1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: February 5, 1952. Longhand Note of President Harry S. Truman, 2/5/1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: March 5, 1950. Unsent Letter from President Harry S. Truman to Frank Kent, 3/5/1950. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: September 2, 1951. Unsent Draft Letter from President Harry S. Truman to Frank Kent, 9/2/1951. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Longhand Notes Files, 1945 - 1953. Longhand Notes - Presidential, 1944 - 1953: April 3, 1952. Longhand Note of President Harry S. Truman, 4/3/1952. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn Harry S. Truman Papers Pertaining to Family, Business and Personal Affairs, 1280 - 1975. Family Correspondence Files, 1910 - 1964. Correspondence from Harry S. Truman to Mary Jane Truman, 1945-1948: April 8, 1948. Letter from Harry S. Truman to Mary Jane Truman, 4/8/1948. Harry S. Truman Library
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associatedWith American Defense Society. corporateBody
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associatedWith Cieply, Michael, 1951- person
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memberOf United States. Army corporateBody
associatedWith University of Michigan. Dept. of Journalism. corporateBody
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correspondedWith Villard, Oswald Garrison, 1872-1949 person
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associatedWith Watson, Thomas E. (Thomas Edward), 1856-1922. person
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Place Name Admin Code Country
San Francisco CA US
Beverly Hills CA US
Subject
Publishers and publishing
Antiques
Art
Congressmen
Journalistic ethics
Private libraries
Newspaper publishing
Newspapers
Occupation
Businessmen
Collector
Congressman
Newspaper proprietors
Newspaper Publisher
Politicians
Activity

Person

Birth 1863-04-29

Death 1951-08-14

Male

Americans

English

Information

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